DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONE WAY SLAB AND TWO WAY SLAB

ONE WAY SLAB:
  One way slab is a slab which is supported by beams on the two opposite sides to carry the load along one direction. In one way slab the ratio of Longer span(l) to Shorter span(b) is greater than or equal to 2,
ie.., Longer Span(l) / Shorter Span(b)  ≥ 2.

 Verandah slab is a type of one way slab, where the slab is spanning in the shorter direction with main reinforcement and the distribution of reinforcement in the transverse direction.

 TWO WAY SLAB:
     When a reinforced concrete slab is supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads are carried by the supports along both directions, it is known as two way slab.In two way slab, the ratio of Longer span(l) to Shorter span(b) is less than 2.
 ie.., Longer span(l) / Shorter span(b) < 2.    

 This type of slabs are mostly used in the floor of multi-storey buildings.

 
  

QUANTITY OF HOUSING

CALCULATION OF SQUARE FEET,CENT,GROUND:

People save their money in various ways.The gold,the stock market deposit,the insurance and the list goes on. Buying a house becoming more popular now in that list. Wherever we see sudden sites are emerging. Many people are investing on that. The square feet,cents and the ground are the scales that are used for measuring the land which comes for sale.Particularly,when purchasing a houses the scales such as square feet,cents and ground are used. In few cases,such as square feet or cents or grounds,only few know how to calculate it in another way.For example,if the size of the house is given in square measurements,and asked to convert it in cents,a very few know that.This is for those who don't know how to calculate like that:

Generally,the length and breadth of the housing are calculated based on feet.

Let's see an example using the figure below:

 If the size of housing as shown in the picture above,you must first find out how much square is that.

Total Square foot calculation method:
*The length of the opposite sides should be taken into consideration even if it is long or wide.

1. First consider the length.
2. Add the lengths together and divide the total by 2.
3. Likewise add the widths and divide the total by 2.
4. Then multiply both the length and width that we calculated from step 2 and 3.
5. That's all , the total square foot of housing is obtained.

From the figure,

Length depending on the size shown,
67+63 = 130
And it is need to be divided by 2.
130/2 = 65

Then the width is taken,
32+35 = 67
And it is need to be divided by 2.
67/2 = 33.5

Now Multiply the both answers,
65 × 33.5 = 2177.5 Square feet.

Total Cent Calculation Method:

1 cent = 435.6 sq.ft
From the above calculations,
2177.5 / 435.6 = 4.99 cent

Total Ground Calculation Method:
1 ground = 2400 sq.ft
Therefore from the sq.ft calculation,
2177.5 / 2400 = 0.9072 ground.


Thank You Guys..!!

You can try this in below picture,

 

Construction Site Safety

Construction Site Safety is the most important aspect of site project management. Every human life is valuable. It is an individual and collective responsibility of the site staff to maintain the site safe and accident free.

Facts about Construction Site Safety

• The first week on each new site is the most dangerous.
• Accidents are more frequent at the end of the day.
• Small building jobs are the most risky.
• Safety helmets, Hi-viz jackets, safety boots do prevent injury and death.
• Light weight shoes-such as trainers or runners are not suitable on site.

Common Construction Accidents

• 56% falls from height.
• 21% trapped by something collapsing or overturning.
• 10% struck by a moving vehicle.
• 5% contact with electricity or electrical discharge.
• 4% struck by a flying/falling object during machine lifting of materials.
• 3% contact with moving machinery or material being machined.
• 1% exposure to a hot or harmful substance.

Safe Access On Site

• Everyone can get to their place of work safely.
• Edges from which people could fall are provided with double guard rails or other suitable edge protection.
• Holes are protected with clearly marked and fixed covers to prevent falls.
• Site is tidy.
• Good lighting.
• Fenced off from public.

 Working at Height
Height Hazards on Construction Sites are Holes in Floors, Gaps on Working Platforms, Shafts and Stairwells not Adequately Covered, Barricaded, Fenced Off. Following guidelines should be following while working at heights.

• Using ladders or scaffolding without proper fixing is crazy.
• Never use incomplete scaffolding.
• Make sure there are hand rails and toe boards at all edges.
• Things fall on sites, wear your helmet.
• Before starting work at heights check for clearance from any overhead power lines.

Working on Roofs

• Always inspect a roof before you walk on it.
• You must have protection to stop you from falling off the edge.
• You must use proper safety harnesses and running cables when working on top of a roof.
• Remember: a walk along a fragile roof could be your last.
• 50% of fatal injuries involving roofs are falls thru’ fragile materials, 30% are falls from edges and openings.   

Working at Excavation Sites

• All excavations deeper than 1.25meters must be shored or battered.
• Excavations deeper than 2 meters must have a guard rail or barrier.
• Vehicles working too close to the side of the trench or rubble piled on the sides may cause collapse.
• Vehicles tipping into the excavation must use stop blocks.
• Make sure the excavation is inspected daily.
• Make sure you know where any underground pipes and cables are before you hit them.
• REMEMBER: There is no safe ground that “will not collapse”.
• Trench sides can collapse without warning.

WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINERRING?

WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING?

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.

INTRODUCTION

HELLO ALL!!THIS IS ALAGU WHO HAS COMPLETED BE CIVIL IN THE YEAR 2017.
I AM WRITING THIS BLOG TO SPREAD ABOUT INNOVATIONS IN THE CIVIL ENGINEERING FIELD AND ALSO TO DELIVER DIFFERENT CIVILENGINEERING CONTENTS.

AS I AM A BEGINNER IN BLOG WRITING, DON'T MIND IF THERE IS ANY ERRORS AND PLEASE DO COMMENT ABOUT THE ERRORS.WE CAN DISCUSS ABOUT CONSTRUCTION AND ALL RELATED TO CIVIL IN THIS BLOG.

THANK YOU..!! STAY TUNED FOR MORE UPDATES.